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Sample size calculations were based on preliminary Dyspnoea-12 score differences with an anticipated effect size of d=0.5, derived from preliminary data and previous literature on respiratory symptoms in young adult populations 16,17 , alpha level of 0.05, and power of 1-=0.90, accounting for a 10% attrition rate, yielding a requirement of approximately 60 participants per group

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Based in Hampshire, Safe Air Schools UK responds to challenges shared by schools nationwide: This data highlights that Portsmouth in our own county ranks among the UKs worst cities for PM2.5 with air pollution carrying the same health impact as smoking 126 cigarettes a year

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