I don't know, and neither do the researchers
All participants in the study began as young, healthy adults 18 to 30 years old from four communities: Oakland, Chicago, Minneapolis and Birmingham
Youth use of any tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, is unsafe. Additional key findings: Among high school students in 2018, any tobacco product use was reported by 32.4 percent of non-Hispanic white, 21.7 percent of Hispanic, 18.4 percent of non-Hispanic other race, and 17.4 percent of non-Hispanic black students
Introduction Computational models have been employed to evaluate the population-level effects of introducing new tobacco products with varying risk profiles to assess the net impact on public health
What is Adalya Hookah Tobacco