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Further investigation is necessary to identify the substances(s) that induce ferroptosis in cells exposed to CSE, HTPs, or NF-HTPs

When choosing an e-cig battery, prioritise its compatibility with your device, size, and capacity (mAh) while ensuring you purchase from reputable suppliers for safety and performance

These microbial changes correlated with disrupted lung mucosal homeostasis, highlighting the microbiomes role in mediating smoking-induced respiratory toxicity [97]

Despite the risks, some people see potential benefits of herbal cigarettes, especially when used as part of a short-term quitting strategy

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16.Thakrar PD, Boyd KP, Swanson CP, Wideburg E, Kumbhar SS