Abbreviations APX: Ascorbate peroxidase AsA: Reduced ascorbate CAT: Catalase DHA: Oxidized ascorbate DNPH: 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine DTNB: 5,5-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTT: Dithiothreitol DTT EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid FC: Field capacity FW: Fresh weight GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Oxidized glutathione GOGAT: Glutamate synthase GOPX: Guaiacol peroxidase GPX: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide MDA: Malondialdehyde NBT: Nitro blue tetrazolium O 2 : Oxygen O 2 : Superoxide anions ONOO : Peroxynitrite PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride POD: Peroxidase PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone ROS: Reactive oxygen species RQ: Relative quantification SOD: Superoxide dismutase TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TEMED: N , N , N , N -Tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine WCM: Wheat curl mite References Akagawa M (2021) Protein carbonylation: molecular mechanisms, biological implications, and analytical approaches

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GHK-Cu, as a naturally occurring compound, integrates smoothly with existing biological processes