This gradual increase helps to improve tolerability
The data emerging from the most recent reviews and meta-analyses on vitamin D and vitamin B12 in relation to thyroid function and autoimmunity are summarized in Table 1
Exclusion criteria included any pharmacological treatment of the gastrointestinal tract, systemic antibiotics within the last 3 months, probiotics or low-FODMAP-diet within the last 3 weeks, vegan or vegetarian diet, regular use of analgesics, pregnancy, prior gastrointestinal surgery apart from appendectomy (16)
Expanding applications: GLP-1s are now being explored beyond metabolic diseases, including liver disease (e.g., MASH/NAFLD), cardiovascular health, sleep apnea, alcohol use disorder, and potentially reducing obesity-related cancer risk
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