1 Introduction Cynanchum plants have been used to treat a variety of diseases in folk medicine, such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections ( 21 sterol glycosides, a class of secondary metabolites in Cynanchum plants, are responsible for regulating cellular activities associated with cancer, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis ( 21 steroidal glycosides (e.g., dioscin) can have potent anticancer activity by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis, caudatin is structurally unique given its incorporation of an isovalerate side chain and the C-3 glycosylation affords a broader target specificity against Wnt/-catenin and autophagy-lysosomal pathways
Approved in Japan for this indication but not in Europe or the USA
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Conversely, AMPK expression was significantly downregulated by DEX (0.50 0.06) relative to control (1.00 0.03)
Unlike hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), BPC-157 is not considered a hormone and does not directly replace testosterone
