In this condition, the immune system makes an antibody to cells in the thyroid gland, causing the immune system to think of the gland as foreign to the body and launching an attack against it
In 2011, the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44, a cancer stem-like cell marker, and more precisely the CD44 variant (CD44 v ) capable to bind hyaluronan has also been described to interacts and stabilizes system (14) (Figure 1)
P38/MAPK14 regulates the production of inflammation-related substances like cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators, thereby modulating inflammatory reactions
Benoist 2014, PMID 25187433) were retracted in April 2025 (retraction notices PMID 40312092 and PMID 40312093) following a Washington State University investigation that found the lead author altered images across her dissertation and multiple co-authored papers
10.1097/01.wnr.0000187636.13147.cd 46 MackeyS.StewartJ