Butyrate is regard as the most effective inhibitor of HDACs, and it can reduce IFN- by inhibiting HDAC, while resulting in increase of naive CD4+T cells and Treg cells [109], and inhibiting TNF and the activity of NF-B in monocytes and neutrophils activated by LPS [110, 111], and increasing the IL-10 produced by macrophages to regulate T cell activity in other tissues [112], and is related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through GPR109A [113,114,115]
The actual mechanism is specific, and so is the window where it matters most
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doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.044065