Long-term management of WD includes chelating agents such as tetrathiomolybdate (TM) (67), trientine or d-penicillamine (68-70), as well as zinc salts to reduce copper absorption (40,71,72)
(2014) Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in cell fate decision and human disease, Antioxid
Furthermore, certain chelators can disrupt iron-dependent neurophysiological processes, thereby further constraining their clinical applicability in NDDs (Marupudi and Xiong, 2024)
While safe at therapeuticdoses of up to 4 grams per day for adults, acetaminophen overdoses, either accidental or intentional, are the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States, accounting for some 56,000 emergency room visits, 2,600 hospitalizations and nearly 500 deaths annually
Patients with an additional etiology of CLD, severe extra-hepatic organ dysfunction or active malignancies were excluded