Cell culture Clonal insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 11.1 mM glucose, supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin, pH 7.4, as described previously 45
J Neurosci Res 86:27052721 Ishii T, Shimpo Y, Matsuoka Y, Kinoshita K (2000) Anti-apoptotic effect of acetyl-l-carnitine and I-carnitine in primary cultured neurons
Your liver produces it and it is present in almost every cell of your body
Gallucci RM
An increased ROS activates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of the target genes to induce the expression of antioxidant genes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione synthesis and the genes involved in mitochondrial quality and quantity control [15,16,17,18]