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Physical activity contributes significantly to total energy expenditure, which is determined by three primary components: basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of foodalso referred to as dietary-induced thermogenesisand the energy utilized during physical activity [60, 61]

National Park Service

W-JL and H-YK revised the manuscript

GLP-1 therapy is clinically indicated for adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, or a BMI of 27 or higher with at least one weight-related condition such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea

In summary, the relationship between the GH/IGF-1 axis and the circadian clock system needs to be carefully investigated in the future