Interestingly, 2-HG can be derived also from the promiscuous activity of some key metabolic enzymes, including malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [25], and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) [26], and can accumulate in cancer cells in both its enantiomeric forms (i.e., D- and L-2HG)
There have been multiple randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews that have explored this
Evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs are neuroprotective and neurotrophic by providing protection against glutamate-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and inducing differentiation and neurite outgrowth [14]
Sources Lilly's Mounjaro tops other GLP-1s for some type 2 diabetes patients Reuters May 29, 2026 Tirzepatide Versus Intensified Conventional Care After 2 Years of Treatment in Early Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial ACP Journals May 26, 2026 A causal link between autoantibodies and neurological symptoms in long Covid Cell May 28, 2026
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30231-3 11 AkhtarASahSP
