megalin binds and mediates the internalization of folate receptors in the megalin-cubulin complex (61), and binding of folic acid to folate receptors results in rapid internalization and relocation of the receptor complex in renal proximal tubule epithelia (62), which may be inhibited by receptor binding (63)
The hexanoic acid N-terminal modification increases lipophilicity, allowing passive diffusion across lipid bilayers, while the compact tripeptide backbone (molecular weight 504 Da) remains below the 600 Da threshold where active efflux transporters become dominant
10.1038/nm.4010 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 27.Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Gower AC, Ding H, Giorgadze N, Palmer AK, Ikeno Y, Hubbard GB, Lenburg M, OHara SP, LaRusso NF, Miller JD, et al
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They regulate various biological functions, including tissue regeneration, inflammation response, and cellular repair