Use body composition, symptoms, nutrition, medications, and labs together instead of relying on one marker
Caveat, applied to both : on the specific question of proven human fat-loss therapy, both compounds score identically: not demonstrated
Despite all these complications, the benefits of gastric sleeve surgery far outweigh the risks for most patients, but long-term success depends heavily on compliance with lifestyle changes
It is likely that the larger number of statistically significant changes to the microbiome observed in the groups switched from WD to LD reflects their more numerous exposures to different diets, longitudinal changes in dietary exposure, the stress associated with diet switch, the negative energy state achieved by treatment and/or diet-driven weight loss, or a combination of these factors, but it may also be related to differences in terminal body weight and fat mass since both adiposity and diet composition have been shown to modulate the mouse gut microbiome profile
Copper peptides have an affinity to skin cells and have been used to support healthy collagen production, skin elasticity, and the natural wound healing process