Its main physiological roles include stimulating insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner, suppressing glucagon (another hormone that raises blood sugar), slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite
OS can also impair liver function by interfering with normal metabolic processes
Specifically this makes individuals susceptible to reoccurring infections by catalase positive organisms
Those engaging in physical activity, living in hot climates, or experiencing increased urination (common with hyperglycemia or SGLT2 inhibitor medications) require additional hydration beyond baseline recommendations
Finally, poor oral bioavailability, incomplete toxicology, uncertain long-term effects, and the absence of controlled human trials remain major limitations