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CD8 + T lymphocytes can upregulate perforin expression and increase MMP activity, resulting in the airway and lung tissue destruction, as well as chemotactic activation of inflammatory cells through secretion of cytokines such as interferon, IL-12, TNF- and chemokines, exacerbating the inflammatory response
25 Research shows that obesity treatment paradigms that do not incorporate medications are minimally successful, with patients achieving a modest 5% to 7% total weight loss
When people gain weight, they can deposit fat around the tongue, upper airway, in the abdomen, and other areas that can contribute to airway collapse, says Malhotra