1, Extended Data Tables 16 and Supplementary Section 2), with a clear trend of growing relevant literature over the past few years as the use of these medications becomes more widespread and their indications expand far beyond the initial intentions of the manufacturers 223
Weight of evidence: Overall evidence is Low-Moderate: multiple animal studies and a growing number of small clinical trials suggest benefits across gutbrain signaling, social and behavioral domains, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurophysiological patterns, yet most human studies rely on caregiver-reported outcomes, lack biomarker integration, and seldom control for diet, comorbidities, or baseline microbiome composition
Z.ArdestaniM
Improved insulin sensitivity reduces the arterial inflammation and stiffness that drives hypertension
I felt swollen, and I was worried about how much I was eating, she said