The term costo refers to the ribs, chondro refers to cartilage, and itis refers to inflammation
Studies have reported that microorganisms transform few inorganic forms of As to organic forms and vice versa by the process of methylation or demethylation ( Arsenicibacter rosenii , has been identified to encode an efficient enzyme for the As methylation and volatilization (Huang et al., 2016)
Complementary clinical and meta-analytic data consistently demonstrate systemic redox imbalance, including lower glutathione reserves, altered GSH/GSSG ratios, increased lipid peroxidation, and dysregulated NRF2 signaling, linking oxidative status to immune activation and synaptic dysfunction (James et al., 2004
(** The data in this list are not 100% accurate
Notably, in these studies, the upregulation of GPx4 has been achieved by using exogenous agents (like NVP-AUY922, Bafilomycin A1, PD151746, GsMTx4, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, total flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana leaves, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein, perillaldehyde, melotonin, ferulic acid, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) which either inhibit the degradation of GPx4 or increase its transcription by activating the Nrf2 [67]