Traditional biomarkers, such as MDA, F 2 -isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, and 8-OHdG, combined with advanced techniques like EPR spectroscopy and multi-omics, now enable a comprehensive assessment of oxidative injury across lipids, proteins, DNA, and metabolites
High-quality glutathione supplements, available in various forms such as capsules, powders, or liposomal formulations, can provide an additional boost to support the bodys natural production of glutathione
Iron metabolism Compared with non-malignant cells, the growth of cancer cells is strongly dependent on the micronutrient iron (ferrum in Latin), which is necessary for the ferroptosis process and can be inhibited by various iron-chelating agents
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The culture medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, NY, USA) and 5% penicillin-streptomycin-gentamicin antibiotics (Solarbio, Beijing, China)