The peptide sequence, alanine-histidine-lysine bound to copper, was chosen because of how it interacts with growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic pathways
For men's skin specifically, it addresses the deep expression lines common in men (forehead, frown lines, jaw area), repairs the collagen framework degraded by UV exposure, and reduces the inflammation that accelerates visible aging
Avoid vigorous shaking during reconstitution, minimize moisture exposure of the lyophilized vial, protect the vial from light, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
Copper(II) ions serve as essential cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in tissue repair, including lysyl oxidase (collagen cross-linking), cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial energy production), and superoxide dismutase (antioxidant defense)
In addition, GPX4 has been shown to govern lipoxygenases activities in the AA metabolism ( 4 , 12-HETE, and 15-HETE) in the presence of GPX4 activator compound 102 ( Supplementary Figure S3B )