Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Insufficient dietary intake of B12 (common in vegetarians and vegans), Malabsorption due to conditions like pernicious anemia or gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohns disease), Certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption can lead to deficiency
The cell cycle proteins S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) and Cyclin B1 are ubiquitinated and degraded by the E3 ligase APC/C
Symptoms often include fatigue, lightheadedness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and cognitive fog
Front Neurosci 16:1002004 Pocivavsek A et al (2017) Acute kynurenine challenge disrupts sleep-wake architecture and impairs contextual memory in adult rats
The most striking results came from a diabetic wound healing model, where topical VMP3 accelerated re-epithelialization, increased vascular density, and organized collagen deposition, outperforming the established benchmark peptide QK on several tissue-level metrics