10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.04.013 Semin
The enzymatic components of the anti-oxidative defense system consist of a number of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle namely, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) (Mittler et al., 2004
The short duration limits effectiveness, but sustained-release formulations or combination with longer-acting peptides could improve outcomes while maintaining natural mechanisms
In other words, in addition to inhibiting the expression of p-STAT3, GHK-Cu likely targets other pathways that inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors
Cell 140 (6), 900917 (2010)