Diabetes 68 , 879886 (2019)
DM2: type 2 diabetes, ALA: alpha-lipoic acid, Nrf2: Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2, CKD: chronic kidney disease, HbAc1: Glycosylated Haemoglobin, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
That creates uncertainty in areas such as: long-term use beyond typical protocol durations rare side effects that require large sample sizes to detect interactions with complex medication regimens outcomes in special populations such as pregnancy, cancer history, or severe autoimmune disease The right response to uncertainty is not fear, and it is not blind confidence
Many multivitamin preparations contain B12, though doses are typically lower (6-25 mcg) and may be insufficient for patients with absorption issues
Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M