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This process, along with GCL inhibition and the formation of mixed disulfides between GSH and protein sulfhydryl, concurred to a steady-state decrement of free GSH concentration and, consequently, to an intracellular redox state shift toward more oxidizing conditions, which could be required for avoiding fast reduction of oxidized cysteines allowing the upstream ROS-induced autophagic stimulus to be propagated

BSL, DB, and XG synthesized and purified all heavy isotopelabeled compounds used in the studies

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The early impact on body weight can also be assessed at this time

Food raises insulin levels, and elevated insulin suppresses growth hormone release