This release of bile acids, mainly cholic (CA) and chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) acid derivatives, happens through the relaxation of the smooth muscle sphincter upon CCK signaling (336) or indirectly through a similar VIP action on the sphincter of Oddi (337)
Although delivered as conventional tablets, oral GLP-1s require modified tableting processes, tighter environmental controls and enhanced quality oversight due to peptide sensitivity
The back of the upper arm is a valid third option, but it is the trickiest to self-administer
Didnt have severe insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes before starting Realistic expectations
The licensed clinicians are independent, board-certified, US-licensed healthcare professionals who review patient intakes and make all prescribing decisions