In a human study of patients with the flu or symptoms of the cold, elderberry appeared to reduce the duration of symptoms
For a 5 mg vial, adding 2 mL of bacteriostatic water creates a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL
Nicotinamide may help restore the cell's energy capacity, while EGCG may activate protective genes through the Nrf2 pathway , helping maintain the conditions needed for transport and recycling to function properly
Together, they form a powerhouse supplement for optimal health
It has been shown that HSYA was able to significantly protect the liver from oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, upregulating the expression of PPAR- and MMP-2, and downregulating the expression of TGF-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and reducing -SMA level, which indicating that PPAR-TGF-1 would be a signal pathways for HSYA to reduce liver fibrosis induced by oxidative stress (Wang et al., 2013)