Serum B12 reference ranges vary between laboratories, but generally, levels below 148 pmol/L are considered deficient, whilst levels between 148258 pmol/L are regarded as borderline and may warrant further investigation or a trial of treatment, particularly if symptoms are present
Battersby NS, Wilson V (1989) Survey of the anaerobic biodegradation potential of organic chemicals in digesting sludge
They also assessed gut microbial composition by culturing fecal samples on selective media
Overall, the current data provide important preliminary risk estimates to be used in the assessment of the overall riskbenefit relationship for using incretin-based medications, before results from more long-term outcome trials become available for meta-analyses
Other side effects include dizziness, headache, and feeling jittery