pylori : Helicobacter pylori GC: Gastric cancer WHO: World health organization MALT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue CagA: Cytotoxin-associated gene A VacA: Vacuolating cytotoxin A T4SS: Type IV secretion system CagPAI: Cag pathogenicity island TRPML1: Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 TME: Tumor microenvironment ATP: Adenosine triphosphate GRIN2D: Glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate type subunit 2D BHLHE40: Class E basic helixloophelix protein 40 MDFI: MyoD family inhibitor Lonp1: Lon protease 1 PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2 UPRmt: Mitochondrial unfolded protein response SIRT3: Metabolism by inhibiting sirtuin 3 5-Fu: 5-Fluorouracil CTH: Cystathionine -lyase RTP: Reverse transsulfuration pathway SAM: S-Adenosylmethionine Slc2a1: Solute carrier family 2 member 1 HK2: Hexokinase 2 FA: Fatty acid ACLY: ATP-citrate lyase GBA1: Glucosylceramidase beta 1 PHKG2: Phosphorylase kinase G2 ALOX5: Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase CYP11A1: Cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily a member 1 SREBP1: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 Cav1: Caveolin-1 LAT1: L-type amino acid transporter 1 ASCT2: Alanineserinecysteine transporter 2 mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 KAT2: Kynurenine aminotransferase II XA: Xanthurenic acid CDX2: Caudal type homeobox 2 GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase -KG: -Ketoglutarate NOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase NO: Nitric oxide Arg2: : Arginase II ODC: Ornithine decarboxylase HO: Hydrogen peroxide SMO: Spermine oxidase G-6-P: Glucose-6-phosphate PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha CPT1: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase LicA: Licochalcone A TOP1MT: Topoisomerase 1 mitochondrial EMT: Epithelialmesenchymal transition 2-DG: 2-Deoxyglucose OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation ROS: Reactive oxygen species ASCT2: Alanineserinecysteine transporter 2 GS: Glutamine synthetase TIME: Tumor immune microenvironment LSR: Lipoprotein receptor SOAT1: Sterol o-acyltransferase 1 HDACi: HDAC inhibitors ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 POR: P450 oxidoreductase SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11 ICIs: Immune checkpoint inhibitors ASL: Argininosuccinate lyase PRMTs: Protein arginine methyltransferases DDAHs: Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases PER1: Period circadian regulator 1 MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 References Elbehiry A, et al
Despite advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, challenges such as poor drug accumulation, systemic toxicity, and multidrug resistance persist, partly due to elevated intracellular GSH levels that neutralize reactive therapeutics and reduce treatment response
The inability to return to a normal state when the stressor is removed indicates a failure of resilience.[ref] Related article : HPA axis, cortisol, and stress Recap: Chronic mild stress impairs mitochondrial function
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Studies carried out in a human myeloma cell line have found that phenylhexyl ITC induced histone H3 hyperacetylation and demethylation of the aberrantly methylated p16 promoter in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that phenylhexyl ITC has dual epigenetic modulating effects on both DNA methylation and chromatin ( Reference Lu, Lin and Feng 55 )
