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The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is another key regulator, turning on genes that drive glutathione production and detoxification
Some studies cited in a 2025 review noted that while proline can protect cells at low levels, when metabolized by the enzyme proline oxidase it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)
doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7 192 LeveyDFSteinMBWendtFRPathakGAZhouHAslanMet al
HUBERMAN: My whole purpose in doing this episode is to highlight how these different molecules ought to work, how they've been shown to work in animal models, and therefore how they might be working in humans
It is important to mention that obesity is a significant risk factor related to several leading causes of death in the United States including: heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, all of which decrease quality of life and life expectancy
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