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As mentioned earlier, once glutathione neutralizes a free radical, it becomes oxidized and inactive

whereas nonselective immunosuppressants, which comprise glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, antimetabolites such as methotrexate and leflunomide, as well as herbal extracts like tripterygium wilfordii and sabia japonica maxim, exhibit a broader spectrum of effects, impacting multiple aspects of the immune system (242, 243) Although immunosuppressants are effective in reducing the overreaction of the immune system to pathological environments such as hypoxia, the accompanying heightened risk of complications, such as the development of malignant tumors, infectious diseases, and osteoporosis, underscores the need for an ideal immunosuppressant agent that is not only highly selective and fast-acting but also efficacious, with the capability to reverse its effects upon drug discontinuation, and possesses minimal side effects without compromising normal immune function

This maintains consistent peptide levels without daily injection requirements

These conditional effects on several systems throughout the body are one therapeutic application of DSIP

Bibcode:2000Sci...287.1615S