Islet proteins were extracted using RIPA buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM NaF, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, protease inhibitors, and 125 M DPP-IV inhibitor) and quantified with the bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Pierce Chemical)
Anatomy of an endogenous antagonist: relationship between agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin in brain
(2025) 8:e2457349
*Correspondence: Ulderico Freo, [email protected] This article was submitted to Perception Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
However, in the case of grape juice, browning is caused by just two enzymes: tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1, IUBMB [6]), which is naturally present in grapes [4, 5], and laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, IUBMB [6]), which is present only when the grapes are infected by Botrytis cinerea [5, 7]