Keywords: GLP1R agonists, drug target, mental illness, Mendelian randomization, genome-wide association studies 1
note that lactulose is not recommended as it may worsen bloating [14] [18] For abdominal pain : Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil) taken before meals For global symptoms : Tricyclic antidepressants at low doses, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) considered if TCAs are ineffective or not tolerated Psychological therapies have robust evidence in IBS management, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), gut-directed hypnotherapy, and mindfulness-based interventions
Treatment strategies differ depending on your goals, whether you want to remove specific dark spots or improve your overall skin condition
Talking to your patients about Ozempic (semaglutide) injection
The multifactorial nature of ASD makes it challenging to pinpoint a single causative factor, as its onset and phenotypic variability arise from the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and metabolic influences (Ayoub 2025)
