Multiple Cox regression analysis was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of smoking status with or without passive smoking and smoking pack years for all-cause and disease-specific mortality by adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, alcohol consumption, and comorbidities at baseline survey, such as cancer classification, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous CVD events according to smoking status
Bhatt, Dale S
Unlike cigarettes, snus does not involve combustion
The APPH tests diminishing relevance over time suggests moving from a harm-reduction framework to a consumer-protection framework
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