[7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer
We dont fully understand how, but it seems like this type of B12 could modulate the synthesis of melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating your sleep-wake cycle: Eight young males were subjected to a single blind cross-over test to see the effects of vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) on the phase-response of the circadian melatonin rhythm to a single bright light exposure
0.01% w/v sodium citrate 0.008% w/v, and benzyl alcohol 1.0% v/v (preservative).
Intramuscular B12 injection sites If you prefer intramuscular delivery, the best places for B12 shots are often the rounded shoulder muscle (deltoid), the thigh, and the hip
Each method has its benefits and is chosen based on the patients needs and the doctors assessment